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【转载/非规范】关于魔法师微博的补充故事:贞德与雅尔若之战

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前段时间微博用户『稚嫩的魔法师』发表了一个内容,具体是贞德攻破奥尔良后,一位英国贵族为了不向贞德投降,而册封一位法国士兵为英国骑士后,对该士兵投降的故事,引起了微博和部分贴吧的热烈讨论。在这里我将把这个历史事件进行补充说明,希望能让对这件事有兴趣的观众们了解一下事情的始末。


IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端1楼2019-05-17 14:30回复
    1429年5月8日,经过贞德精彩的战术指挥与吉尔·德雷、拉海尔、布萨克、私生子迪努瓦等各路名将的英勇奋斗,终于将英国人对奥尔良城池长达3年的包围彻底破除,英国人意图侵略法国南部的计划破产,放弃对奥尔良一带的侵略。虽然如此,仍有一部分英军依然驻守在距离奥尔良不远处的雅尔若,对奥尔良造成很大的困扰,且英军当时也有其他零星据点在附近,法国人需要快速攻破雅尔若,以解除奥尔良东南方向的威胁,进一步粉碎英国人卷土重来的可能性。


    IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端2楼2019-05-17 14:31
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      6月6日,查理七世召见贞德,下令让贞德率兵攻略雅尔若,而王家军队则由查理七世信任的新晋指挥官阿朗松公爵所统帅,全军徐徐向雅尔若进发。
      6月初旬,在贞德准备行军前,奥尔良居民们自发为军队献上各种物资和多门尺寸不一的射石大炮,据说奥尔良居民不信任新来的阿朗松公爵,所以物资全都交给了贞德①。在奥尔良之战里努力奋战、和贞德有着深厚战友关系的吉尔·德·雷元帅也四处借钱储备资金,将这笔资金交给了贞德,这时候为了帮助贞德,吉尔元帅找了许多富有的人借钱,欠下了一大笔外债,眨眼之间就陷入了财政困难的窘况②。
      6月11日,法军正式出发。贞德和阿朗松公爵500人作为先锋部队率先出发,晚上到达雅尔若丛林。在雅尔若郊区,法军碰上了已经在良好地形上列阵的英军,法军士兵们举棋不定,不确定是否应该发动攻击,因此慢慢往后撤,贞德见此立刻翻身上马,手持军旗就单骑冲向了敌军,见到此景的法军受到鼓舞,发动冲锋突破了英军的防守③。6月12日早上,部分法军将领前来与贞德汇合,总数约2000到3000人,准备攻略雅尔若城。双方的军队人数十分接近。


      IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端3楼2019-05-17 14:31
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        阿朗松公爵派遣拉海尔劝降萨福克伯爵,在劝降无效后,6月12日中午,阿朗松公爵下令攻击雅尔若城,在战场上,贞德再次身先士卒,冒着箭雨和炮弹往前冲锋。突然,贞德在一瞬间发现了雅尔若城上有一门大炮瞄准了阿朗松公爵,贞德对阿朗松公爵大吼:
        “快走开!”
        阿朗松公爵刚走开,就有一名贵族在刚才的位置附近被炸死⑥。阿朗松公爵在日后写回忆录编年史时也仍旧心有余悸。
        贞德拿着军旗登上云梯,被一块石头砸中受伤掉了下来,但又立刻站了起来鼓舞友军继续攻击。战斗持续了4个小时,法国人爬上了城墙,萨福克伯爵决定弃城逃跑,在逃跑的路上,法军将领奥弗涅(Martial d'Auvergne)的军队追上了萨福克伯爵,奥弗涅的侍从纪尧姆·雷纳德(Guillaume Regnault)一把抓住萨福克伯爵。
        萨福克伯爵询问雷纳德“你是一名绅士吗?”雷纳德回答道“是的。”
        “那,你是骑士吗?”
        “并不是。”
        萨福克伯爵十分讨厌贞德,认为她是不详的女巫,极度不愿意被贞德俘虏,所以萨福克伯爵当场决定册封雷纳德为英国的骑士,提拔了雷纳德的身份,然后向雷纳德投降⑦。
        雅尔若之战在数小时内就结束了。此战中法军2000-3000人的军势里只阵亡了20人,英国约2700名士兵中,包含战后被屠杀共有500人被害。法国人在贞德的领导下一转颓势,颠覆了英国人长久以来占据优势的局面。


        IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端4楼2019-05-17 14:33
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          【注释】
          ①《Journal du siège》:At their own expense they despatched workmen of all trades,--masons, carpenters, smiths. They lent their artillery. They sent culverins, cannons, La Bergère, and the large mortar to which four horses were harnessed, with the gunners Megret and Jean Boillève. They furnished ammunition, engines, arrows, ladders, pickaxes, spades, mattocks; and all were marked, for they were a methodical folk. Everything for the siege was sent to the Maid. For in this undertaking she was the one commander they recognised, not the Duke of Alençon, not even the Bastard their own lord's noble brother. For the inhabitants of Orléans, Jeanne was the leader of the siege; and to Jeanne, before the besieged town, they despatched two of their citizens,--Jean Leclerc and François Joachim. After the citizens of Orléans, the Sire de Rais contributed most to the expenses of the siege of Jargeau. This unfortunate noble spent thoughtlessly right and left, while rich burgesses made great profits by lending to him at a high rate of interest.
          ②《Vie De Jeanne D'arc》:After the citizens of Orléans, the Sire de Rais contributed most to the expenses of the siege of Jargeau. This unfortunate noble spent thoughtlessly right and left, while rich burgesses made great profits by lending to him at a high rate of interest. The sorry state of his affairs was shortly to bring him to attempt their readjustment by vowing his soul to the devil.
          ③《Vie De Jeanne D'arc》:The suburbs of the town appeared undefended; but, when the French King's men approached, they found the English posted in front of the outbuildings, wherefore they were compelled to retreat. When the Maid beheld this, she seized her standard and threw herself upon the enemy, calling on the fighting men to take courage. That night, the French King's men were able to encamp in the suburbs.


          IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端5楼2019-05-17 14:33
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            ④萨福克伯爵(Earl of Suffolk),本名威廉·德·拉·波尔(Willaim de la Pole),是英国在百年战争后期起用的新晋将领,本来只是家族的次子,不具备领地和爵位的继承权。但随着父亲和兄长相继去世,威廉抓住机会崛起,参与了许多英国入侵法国的重要战事,凭借战功被授予骑士勋章。
            ⑤约翰·法斯托尔福(Sir John Fastolf),1378年出生的他如今已经是51岁的老将,名声响彻英法两国,被一位侍卫评价“残忍且报复心极强的人”。


            IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端6楼2019-05-17 14:34
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              ⑥《Chronique de la Pucelle》:In the thick of the attack, she noticed on the wall one of those long thin mortars, which, from the manner of its charging, was called a breechloader. Seeing it hurl stones on the very spot where the King's fair cousin was standing, she realised the danger, but not for herself. "Move away," she said quickly. "That cannon will kill you."The Duke had not moved more than a few yards, when a nobleman of Anjou, the Sire Du Lude, having taken the place he had quitted, was killed by a ball from that same cannon.
              ⑦《Journal du siège》:The wall was scaled and the French King's men penetrated into the town. The English fled into La Beauce and the French rushed in pursuit of them. Guillaume Regnault, a squire of Auvergne, came up with the Earl of Suffolk on the bridge and took him prisoner.
              "Are you a gentleman?" asked Suffolk.
              "Yes."
              "Are you a knight?"
              "No."
              The Earl of Suffolk dubbed him a knight and surrendered to him.


              IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端7楼2019-05-17 14:34
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                fin.


                IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端8楼2019-05-17 14:34
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                  干活好评


                  IP属地:上海来自Android客户端9楼2019-05-17 14:46
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                    good


                    IP属地:江苏来自iPhone客户端10楼2019-05-17 21:41
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                      肥肠不错的科普


                      IP属地:江西11楼2019-05-19 21:39
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                        IP属地:加拿大来自iPhone客户端12楼2019-05-20 17:15
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