这个问题有意思,以前还真没注意过。奥克会背叛索隆吗?会。托老提到过这一点。 HOME10《神话的蜕变》里写到过: As the case of Aule and Dwarves shows, only Eru could make creatures with independent wills, and with reasoning powers. But Orcs seem to have both: they can try to cheat Morgoth/Sauron, rebel against him, or criticize him. 就如同奥力与矮人所展示出的例子一样,只有一如能创造出具有独立意志以及思考能力的生物。然而奥克似乎也两者都具备:他们能尝试欺骗魔苟斯/索隆,反叛他或者非议他。 See 'Melkor'. It will there be seen that the wills of Orcs and Balrogs etc. are part of Melkor's power 'dispersed'. Their spirit is one of hate. But hate is non-cooperative (except under direct fear). Hence the rebellions, mutinies, etc. when Morgoth seems far off. Orcs are beasts and Balrogs corrupted Maiar. Also (n.b.) Morgoth not Sauron is the source of Orc-wills. Sauron is just another (if greater) agent. Orcs can rebel against him without losing their own irremediable allegiance to evil (Morgoth) 见“米尔寇”。可以看出,奥克和炎魔等等的意志是米尔寇“分散”的力量的一部分。他们的精神是一种仇恨。但仇恨是非合作的(译注:non-coöperative)(除非是处于直接的畏惧之下)。因此似乎当魔苟斯远离的时候,就会出现反抗、叛乱等等等等。奥克是野兽,而炎魔是被腐化的迈雅。(注意)同样是魔苟斯,而非索隆,是奥克意愿的源头。索隆只不过是另一个(假如更强大的话)代理人。奥克能反抗他而又不失去他们自己对邪恶(魔苟斯)无可救药的忠诚。
那么在什么情况下他们会背叛索隆呢? In view of what follows my father was presumably thinking of this passage in the chapter 'Mount Doom': From all his policies and webs of fear and treachery, from all his stratagems and wars his mind shook free; and throughout his realm a tremor ran, his slaves quailed, and his armies halted, and his captains suddenly steerless, bereft of will, wavered and despaired. For they were forgotten. The note continues: They had little or no will when not actually 'attended to' by the mind of Sauron. Does their cheating and rebellion pass that possible to such animals as dogs etc.? 鉴于随后的内容,我父亲大概考虑的是在《末日山》里面的这一段: 他立时甩脱了心中的所有策略,抛弃了编织出的所有恐惧与背叛的罗网,以及所有的战略与战事。一阵战栗传遍了他的整个王国,他的奴隶胆怯畏缩了,他的大军止步犹豫了,他的将领们忽然失去了引导,丧失了意志,动摇又绝望。因为他们全被遗忘了。 这则注释继续道: 实际上,当没有“听取”索隆意念的时候,他们只有微不足道的意志,或者就没有意志。他们的欺骗和叛乱是否传递出那种可能性,即他们像是一种动物,例如狗等诸如此类的? 由此可见,让奥克背叛也不难,只要索隆对他们的精神控制不那么严格,就有可能发生。
那么,背叛的原因是什么呢?托老提到过奥克彼此仇恨,因此,我推测是因为这个原因。 or if Morgoth and his agents were far away, they might neglect his commands. They sometimes fought [> They hated one another and often fought] among themselves, to the detriment of Morgoth's plans. 有些时候,他们[>他们彼此仇恨,经常斗殴]会自己打了起来,破坏掉魔苟斯的计划。 This servitude to a central will that reduced the Orcs almost to an ant-like life was seen even more plainly in the Second and Third Ages under the tyranny of Sauron, Morgoth's chief lieutenant. Sauron indeed achieved even greater control over his Orcs than Morgoth had done. He was, of course, operating on a smaller scale, and he had no enemies so great and so fell as were the Noldor in their might in the Elder Days. But he had also inherited from those days difficulties, such as the diversity of the Orcs in breed and language, and the feuds among them; while in many places in Middle-earth, after the fall of Thangorodrim and during the concealment of Sauron, the Orcs recovering from their helplessness had set up petty realms of their own and had become accustomed to independence. Nonetheless Sauron in time managed to unite them all in unreasoning hatred of the Elves and of Men who associated with them; while the Orcs of his own trained armies were so completely under his will that they would sacrifice themselves without hesitation at his command.* 这种围绕一个核心的奴役状况会令奥克几乎退化成一种像蚂蚁一样的生活,在第二和第三纪元,我们可以在魔苟斯的首席副官索隆的暴政之下看得更加清楚。实际上,索隆在他的奥克身上施加的控制甚至比魔苟斯做到得更甚。当然了,受他操纵的奥克规模更小,而且他已经没有了像远古时代强盛之时的诺多族那样强大与英勇的敌人。但他也继承了那些时候的麻烦,例如奥克在种类和语言方面的多样化,还有他们当中的世仇;与此同时在中洲的许多地方,索隆在桑戈洛锥姆崩塌之后的藏匿期间,奥克从他们不由自主的境况之下恢复了过来,建立起了一些自己的小王国,变得习惯于独立自主了。然而经过一段时间之后,索隆设法借由他们对伴随着自己的精灵与人类盲目的仇恨,把他们统一了起来;与此同时,他自己训练的军队中的奥克是如此彻底地慑服于他的意志之下,以至于会在他的命令之下毫不犹豫地牺牲自己。 (* [footnote to the text] But there remained one flaw in his control, inevitable. In the kingdom of hate and fear, the strongest thing is hate. All his Orcs hated one another, and must be kept ever at war with some 'enemy' to prevent them from slaying one another.) [*(文本的脚注)但在他的控制之中不可避免地留有一处漏洞。在仇恨与恐惧的王国之中,仇恨最强。他所有的奥克都彼此仇恨,必须永远都身处存在某些“敌人”的战争之中,以免他们自相残杀。]