中国人的荒谬观念——对医学惊人的无知(节译)
纽约【和谐】时报 1890年4月2日
(翻译gadfly)
昨天下午亨利·德雷顿博士宣读了一篇题为“医学在中国”的论文。该论文
由在广州医院工作的E.P.斯威教授撰写后交给亨利·德雷顿博士在人类学学院宣
读。斯威博士宣称,科学在中国不存在,几个世纪的积淀下来的惯例,留下来的
是一大堆理论,揣测,传统和迷信,但很少(有用的)知识。
一个原因是中文。中文是所有语言当中最冗长累赘的一种。因为自己学不会,
中国学者往往对其他语言无动于衷。但人本身的无知和偏见是比这个更大的障碍。
中医的学习方法和传授知识的手段难以克服。单单一本关于药理和治疗的著作就
有40卷,引述了756名作者。一本关于植物的书共有60卷,1715幅插图。虽然人
体中找不到一寸中国人忘了起名的地方,但是因为人体解剖在中国是被禁止的,
中国人对生理解剖有一套最荒唐的概念。他们认为食物通过脾进入胃,咽喉可通
心脏,灵魂位于肝脏部位,而胃既是呼吸之处也是欢乐之源。他们认为头盖骨就
是一整块,手臂也一样。右肾是命门,各器官都与水、木、金、火、土有关。故
有“心火,肺金,肾水”之说。
所有诊治都离不开相生相克的双重原则,草药,符咒,神像,和其他许多奇
咒怪符的手段都可以用于治疗。手术在中国是完全是一片空白。因为他们相信,
肢体不全的人来世转生,仍然会缺胳膊少腿。学医的人是通过一个铜制模型来学
人体解剖,铜人身上布满了穴眼,并标上经脉的名称。中医里经脉共有三类,每
个手腕的经脉又可细分为24种。因此,中国的医学生要学习144种脉象才能熟悉
中医系统。【注:中医里有七表八里九道共二十四脉,但google不到2x3x24=144
的依据】此外,神像也被投入使用,病人什么地方患病,相信只要按摩神像的相
应部位就可以治愈。因为谁都可以当医生,所以遍地都是庸医和骗子。即使如此,
法律还是规定耽误病情等同于骗钱,所以有一例病人死亡都有可能导致医生掉脑
袋。
ABSURD CHINESE NOTIONS
REMARKABLE IGNORANCE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY IN CHINA
Published: April 2, 1890
The New York Times
“Medical Science in China" was the title of a paper read before
the Academy of Anthropology yesterday afternoon by Dr. Henry S. Drayton.
The paper had been prepared by Prof. E. P. Thwing of the Canton
Hospital, and was sent by him to Dr. Drayton to be read before the
academy. Dr. Thwing declared that science did not exist in China. The
usages of centuries had crystallized, and there was an abundance of
theories, speculations, traditions, and superstitions, but very little
knowledge.
One cause of this was the Chinese language, the most meager and
tedious of all tongues. The Chinese scholar was indifferent to other
tongues because he was unable to study them in his own. But still
greater obstacles than this were the ignorance and prejudice of the
people. The method of study and the means of information afforded a
Chinese doctor were difficult to overcome. A single Chinese work on
materia medica and therapeutics was in 40 volumes, with quotations
纽约【和谐】时报 1890年4月2日
(翻译gadfly)
昨天下午亨利·德雷顿博士宣读了一篇题为“医学在中国”的论文。该论文
由在广州医院工作的E.P.斯威教授撰写后交给亨利·德雷顿博士在人类学学院宣
读。斯威博士宣称,科学在中国不存在,几个世纪的积淀下来的惯例,留下来的
是一大堆理论,揣测,传统和迷信,但很少(有用的)知识。
一个原因是中文。中文是所有语言当中最冗长累赘的一种。因为自己学不会,
中国学者往往对其他语言无动于衷。但人本身的无知和偏见是比这个更大的障碍。
中医的学习方法和传授知识的手段难以克服。单单一本关于药理和治疗的著作就
有40卷,引述了756名作者。一本关于植物的书共有60卷,1715幅插图。虽然人
体中找不到一寸中国人忘了起名的地方,但是因为人体解剖在中国是被禁止的,
中国人对生理解剖有一套最荒唐的概念。他们认为食物通过脾进入胃,咽喉可通
心脏,灵魂位于肝脏部位,而胃既是呼吸之处也是欢乐之源。他们认为头盖骨就
是一整块,手臂也一样。右肾是命门,各器官都与水、木、金、火、土有关。故
有“心火,肺金,肾水”之说。
所有诊治都离不开相生相克的双重原则,草药,符咒,神像,和其他许多奇
咒怪符的手段都可以用于治疗。手术在中国是完全是一片空白。因为他们相信,
肢体不全的人来世转生,仍然会缺胳膊少腿。学医的人是通过一个铜制模型来学
人体解剖,铜人身上布满了穴眼,并标上经脉的名称。中医里经脉共有三类,每
个手腕的经脉又可细分为24种。因此,中国的医学生要学习144种脉象才能熟悉
中医系统。【注:中医里有七表八里九道共二十四脉,但google不到2x3x24=144
的依据】此外,神像也被投入使用,病人什么地方患病,相信只要按摩神像的相
应部位就可以治愈。因为谁都可以当医生,所以遍地都是庸医和骗子。即使如此,
法律还是规定耽误病情等同于骗钱,所以有一例病人死亡都有可能导致医生掉脑
袋。
ABSURD CHINESE NOTIONS
REMARKABLE IGNORANCE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY IN CHINA
Published: April 2, 1890
The New York Times
“Medical Science in China" was the title of a paper read before
the Academy of Anthropology yesterday afternoon by Dr. Henry S. Drayton.
The paper had been prepared by Prof. E. P. Thwing of the Canton
Hospital, and was sent by him to Dr. Drayton to be read before the
academy. Dr. Thwing declared that science did not exist in China. The
usages of centuries had crystallized, and there was an abundance of
theories, speculations, traditions, and superstitions, but very little
knowledge.
One cause of this was the Chinese language, the most meager and
tedious of all tongues. The Chinese scholar was indifferent to other
tongues because he was unable to study them in his own. But still
greater obstacles than this were the ignorance and prejudice of the
people. The method of study and the means of information afforded a
Chinese doctor were difficult to overcome. A single Chinese work on
materia medica and therapeutics was in 40 volumes, with quotations