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罗彻斯特大学-the Camelot project-凯
翻译：亚米加 校对：T菌 列兵
Kay
Characters
Name Variants: Cei, Cai, Caius, Kaye, Kei
Background Essay Author: John H. Chandler
One of the most frequently represented characters in Arthurian literature, Kay has never starred in his own romance. He is not a heroic figure: constantly presented as a hot-tempered, sharp-tongued fellow, he is generally abusive to those whom he perceives as weaker than himself. In romances, Kay is tolerated by the rest of the Round Table because his loyalty is never in question, and he is generally portrayed as Arthur’s foster-brother, giving him a familial connection to the king and prominence in Arthur’s esteem. But he is almost always disliked, despite his early heroic appearances.
角色
名称变体： Cei, Cai, Caius, Kaye, Kei
背景文献作者：John H. Chandler
正文部分：
凯是亚瑟王文学中最显为人知的角色之一，却从未以主角的身份拥有属于他的浪漫传奇。他并非英豪，总是脾气暴躁、嘴巴毒辣，经常欺负他认定的弱者。
【亚米加：凯哥这么恶劣的嘛。嘴子又欠又欺软怕硬（不是】
【列兵：啧啧，凯哥简直反派炮灰设定啊】
凯的劣行在故事中能被圆桌骑士所容忍，是因为他不仅赤胆忠心，而且传说里他是亚瑟王的义兄，与王室关系紧密并受到亚瑟王的尊敬。
【亚米加：关系户×】
但尽管他从最初就以英雄而崭露头角，却依旧被冷眼相待。
【列兵：邓布利多摇头.JPG】

Kay has not always been an unpleasant figure. His origins in Welsh literature portray him as Arthur’s equal, a heroic figure whose deeds border on the super-heroic. For example, in Culwch and Olwen, Kay can hold his breath for nine days and nine nights, and he defeats a giant through trickery, cutting his head off in one blow. His loyalty to Arthur is clear in these early tales, even when he questions Arthur’s leadership, and this loyalty is probably the sole trait that has remained with the character to the present. Linda M. Gowans describes his early character as "mocking, savage and a terrifying opponent in battle" (Cei and the Arthurian Tradition, 8) -- all positive qualities for a character in early medieval literature. Indeed, he is one of Arthur’s most capable and loyal companions in Culwch and Olwen, as well as in many early, Celtic poems, where he is often paired with Bedwyr (later Bedevere) and Gwalchmai (later Gawain).
凯并非一直不受欢迎。他源于威尔士文学，在威尔士文学中是与亚瑟王比肩的英雄人物，有着近乎超级英雄般的壮举。在《库尔维奇与奥尔温》[1]中，凯曾经九天九夜屏息以待，施展计谋将巨人一举击杀并砍下对方的头。
【亚米加：凯哥是鱼×】
【列兵：凯哥战斗力也这么惊人啊（曾经】
凯对亚瑟王的忠诚在早期的故事里就十分明确，即使他曾经质疑过亚瑟王的领导能力，但忠诚是这个角色至今不变的特征。琳达·M·高恩斯将他早期的形象形容为‘一个毒舌、凶猛的可怕敌手’ (Cei and the Arthurian Tradition, 8)——拥有中古文学早期人物所有的正面特质。
【亚米加：你们是不是对正面特质有什么误解？还是说中世纪的正面特质这么可怕的吗？？】
事实上，在《库尔维奇与奥尔温》及许多早期凯尔特诗歌中，他是亚瑟王最忠诚可靠的同伴之一，经常与贝狄威尔或者高文成双成对出现。
【亚米加注：这可能就是月设中，小贝高文和凯是阿尔托最早的三骑士说法的来源之一】
【列兵：一定要翻译得这么gay吗！！阿尔托莉雅会误会自己圆桌的人际关系的！】

In the chronicle tradition, including Geoffrey of Monmouth’s The History of the Kings of Britain and the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Kay remains a noble, able warrior. Geoffrey is the first to appoint Kay seneschal (chief steward of the household), a position of great responsibility and honor. Kay is also named count of Anjou, and he and Bedivere join Arthur in his combat against the giant of Mont Saint Michel. His death in Geoffrey comes from a mortal wound received on the battlefield, and he is laid to rest with proper ceremony.
在包括“蒙茅斯的杰弗里”的《不列颠诸王史》与头韵诗《亚瑟王之死》等传统的编年史中，凯依旧是高贵而出色的战士。杰弗里前无古人地将凯推上了一个重要的且兼具义务与荣誉的职位，王室总管。凯被封为安茹伯爵，随后他与贝狄威尔随从亚瑟王一起抵御圣米歇尔山的巨人。根据杰弗里记叙，凯因战斗中的致命伤而去世，并以与其身份相配的礼仪下葬。

However, in the French romances, starting with Chrétien de Troyes, Kay’s nature sours. Chrétien’s Kay is often verbally abusive, but this abuse is put to good end, as his vicious tongue prods young knights to prove themselves. For example, in Yvain (The Knight with the Lion), Kay heckles Yvain; the latter knight proceeds to prove himself by defeating Esclados, the Knight of the Fountain, which sets up the rest of the story. Similarly, Kay is responsible for instigating Gareth’s quest, having sent Gareth (or "Beaumains") to the kitchen, which put him in a position to accept a quest for his lady (Lyonesse in Malory), making a name for himself in the process. As with Yvain and Gareth, Kay often spurs younger knights to go forth and prove him wrong by demonstrating their own worth.
然而，从克雷蒂安·德·特鲁瓦的法国浪漫传奇[2]开始，凯的性情变质了。克雷蒂安笔下的凯总是言辞刁钻，然而这些恶言恶语却总是能引出好的结果。
【亚米加：为什么一股子毒舌傲娇气扑面而来www】
凯的毒舌让年轻的骑士们不得得努力证明自己。像《狮子骑士》中，凯对伊凡（乌文英）[3]冷嘲热讽，伊凡爵士便通过击败喷泉骑士艾斯克拉多斯展示自己的实力。而加雷斯也是被凯以同样的方式送进厨房工作，也正是在此处，他有了接受某位小姐追求的机会（即马洛礼笔下的莱恩奈丝），凯甚至还给加雷斯起了个诨名。如同伊凡与加雷斯一样，凯的激将法刺激了年轻的骑士们去证明自己的实力。
【列兵：凯哥到底是真嘴贱还是真傲娇……被打脸狂魔吗】

Often, Kay is repaid for his abuse -- in Yvain, he fights Yvain, now the Knight of the Fountain, only to be swiftly unhorsed. Both Gareth and Perceval repay his harsh words towards them or their ladies. And Kay is presented as a foil for Gawain in several romances, for example The Carle of Carlisle, Gologras and Gawain, and the Awntyrs of Arthur, where Gawain’s courtesy offsets Kay’s rudeness to their host and saves the knights from death or dishonor.
凯的尖刻也让他时常遭到报应——在伊凡的故事中，他与新的喷泉骑士伊凡大打出手，竟转眼间就被对方打败。
【亚米加：在法国佬的笔下，凯哥从原先的凯日天变成战五渣了emmmmm】
【列兵：凯哥，嘴贱一时爽啊。你以为你还是那个威尔士人的亲儿子吗？不，这是法国人的笔，他们的亲儿子不是你】
加雷斯和帕西瓦尔则因他们的妻子而对他恶言相向。凯在高文的几个浪漫传奇中都是以配角出现，像《高文爵士与乡下的卡莱尔》、《格拉格斯与高文》、《亚瑟的冒险》等故事中，高文的谦恭总是能把主人从凯的粗野中引开，让骑士们免于被羞辱或死亡。
【亚米加：新CP的味道？？？】

Kay’s mean-spiritedness (and Arthur’s remarkable patience) has usually been presented without an explicit cause. One of the most intriguing, popular, and earliest explanations comes from Robert de Boron. In his Merlin (circa 1200), Kay and Arthur are first brought together in infancy, as Merlin leaves Arthur to be fostered by Kay’s mother. Kay himself is suckled by a low-born woman, thus explaining (for medieval audiences) his offensive behavior: while Arthur is nourished by a noblewoman, Kay must make due with the inferior milk of a commoner. Robert de Boron strengthens the connection between Arthur and Kay later, when Kay’s father Antor asks Arthur to make Kay seneschal for life despite his rude personality, because these traits were received for Arthur’s sake. Centuries later, John Steinbeck reflects modern concerns by having Kay complain to Lancelot that numbers have made him disagreeable; as seneschal, he is responsible for running the court, and his attention to the details of feeding knights, ladies, and prisoners at the court has forced him to become a small, mean person. T. H. White, in The Once and Future King, presents Kay as a spoiled child who hates to be second in anything; as a result, he grows up to be a selfish adult. But the most common explanation for Kay’s disposition is simply "tradition," as most authors do not discuss Kay’s childhood. He is indispensable as Arthur’s seneschal, as Chrétien emphasizes in his Lancelot (The Knight of the Cart).
凯的粗鄙意识（亚瑟王则是卓绝的耐性）并没有具体的成因。早期最为人所知且耐人寻味的解释来自罗伯特·德·博伦。在他的《梅林》（约1200年）中，凯与亚瑟王自幼一起长大，因为梅林离开前便将亚瑟交给凯的母亲抚养。凯由一位身份低微的女人哺育，解释了（对于中古读者而言）他的唐突举止的由来：亚瑟由高贵女性养育，而凯则是被低微平民喂养长大的。罗伯特·德·博伦随后增强了凯和亚瑟王的关系，尽管凯粗俗不堪，但凯的父亲艾克托仍请求亚瑟王让凯终生成为王室总管，皆因这些特性的产生是亚瑟王的缘故。
【列兵：这也能推锅给王？？？？】
几个世纪后，约翰·斯坦贝克借凯向兰斯洛特抱怨令人不快的数字来反映现代的企业关系；作为总管，凯担负着宫廷的一切运转，他要关注骑士与夫人们的供给，宫廷的种种约束让他不得不更加注意细节且吝啬。
【亚米加：阿尔托：凯哥连一个钉子不会浪费×】
在T·H·怀特的《永恒之王》中，凯是一个被宠坏、事事争强好胜的孩子，最终导致他变成一个自私自利的人。但凯的性格一般都只说他很“传统”，尽管如此大多数作者都未曾探讨过凯的童年。如同克蕾蒂安在他的《兰斯洛特》（坐囚车的骑士）[4]中强调的一样，凯一直是亚瑟王不可或缺的管家。
【列兵：啊……法国佬到底是想黑凯还是想黑王，凯被写成这样也是不可或缺的管家，圆桌怕是药丸】

Later tales generally follow the French tradition, especially as retold by Malory, of ascribing a foul nature to Kay, although they vary greatly in degree. They often emphasize his status as the seneschal, who has duties that implicitly keep him at home. Kay often heads out on quests or participates in tournaments, usually to fail. It may be that his inability to succeed as an adventurous knight is tied to his position, because he is unable to train constantly, as do other knights. Most authors make him a difficult character to like. Sometimes he is simply a cranky figure used for comic relief; occasionally, he is treacherous and even murderous. The famous "sword in the stone" tale presents Kay as willing to take credit for Arthur’s freeing the sword, thus claiming the throne of England for himself. More villainously, in Yder, Kay tries to poison the eponymous hero, and in the Perlesvaus, Kay murders Arthur’s son Loholt as the latter sleeps and claims victory over Loholt’s slain opponent, a giant. While these truly evil presentations are few, they are consistent with Kay’s general character in romance: headstrong, self-aggrandizing, and resentful of his inability to successfully pursue knightly quests.
以后的传说大多遵循法国的传统，特别是在马洛里的叙述中，凯被加诸种种恶习，尽管这两者之间有明显差别。
【亚米加：果然法国佬在各个方面都是万恶之源( ´_ゝ｀)】
他们总是强调凯必须留守家园的总管一职，凯也时常领导参加冒险或比武大会，但通常都是以失败告终。
【列兵：嗯……从此以后菜鸡凯开始了他的表演】
凯无法成为一名游侠骑士，大概是职务的关系让他总不能像其他的骑士那样时常得到锻炼机会。大多数作家都让凯成为不受欢迎的角色。有时候他只是增加笑料的古怪角色；有时候，他阴险甚至于残暴。著名的《石中剑》故事中，凯企图将亚瑟拔出的石中剑据为己有而夺得王位。更加骇人的是，在《艾登》中，凯企图毒杀这位同名的英雄；在《帕西瓦尔》中，凯在亚瑟的儿子洛霍尔特睡着时谋杀了他，并声称他战胜了杀死洛霍尔特的凶手，一个巨人。
【亚米加：吔屎啦死法国佬！】
【列兵：洗不干净了凯哥，你洗不白了】
【亚米加：列人妻别这样，法国佬的黑屁可以无视的！】
虽然有关这些确实邪恶的叙述很少，但它们与凯在传奇中的性格是一致的：固执、自大、因自己无法成为游侠骑士而愤恨。

Some modern authors, such as Madison J. Cawein ("Morgan Le Fay," 1899), T. H. White (The Once and Future King, 1958), and Phyllis Ann Karr ("The Idylls of the Queen," 1982) have tried to redeem Kay in various ways, but the power of tradition has forced him into an uncomfortable place, akin to the trickster of myth. Kay has become a necessary evil, a troublemaker, a figure whose vicious nature ultimately leads to the establishment of a name for young, untested knights (or the furtherance of the reputations of established knights such as Lancelot and Gawain). This is perhaps most obvious in Mike W. Barr’s Camelot 3000, where Kay twice acts badly to help the fellowship: first, he insults Tristan to distract Gawain and Galahad (thus keeping them in New Camelot); and second, he betrays Merlin to spur the knights to action. He defends himself in both cases by pointing out the greater good, and Arthur forgives him his insult, but not the betrayal (a much graver misdeed).
如麦迪逊·J·卡文（《摩根勒菲》1899），T·H·怀特（《永恒之王》1958），菲利斯·安·卡尔（《女王诗集》1982）等现代作家，曾试图以各种不同的方式重塑凯，但传统上因循旧习让凯处于不讨喜的境地，类似于神话中的骗子。凯不可避免地成了一个恶徒、一个惹是生非的人，一个天性恶毒却引导了年轻而毫无建树的骑士们，帮助他们赢得声誉（比如兰斯洛特或者高文）这样的角色。
【亚米加：可以说是卡美洛数一数二的搅屎棍了×】
这一点在迈克·W·巴尔的《卡美洛3000年》中也许是最明显的，其中凯曾两次以他拙劣的行动增进了团队关系：他先是辱骂崔斯坦，分散了高文与加拉哈德的注意力（从而得以让他们继续留在新卡美洛）；其次他背叛梅林而激起了骑士们的行动。他以最终收到了良好效果而为自己的所作所为辩护，亚瑟王因而原谅了他的无礼，而不原谅他的背叛（一个更加严重的罪行）。
【亚米加：说好的忠诚是塑造至今唯一不变的特质呢？？？】
【列兵：先杀王的儿子，再背叛王，虽然不是一个作品，但是凯哥你……凉了凉了】

Despite his negative portrayals, Kay’s position in Arthur’s court is assured, for he not only spurs complacent knights to action, but also shows Arthur’s loyalty to his friends and family. Authors seem to like presenting Kay because his lack of prowess highlights the heroics of the main characters of the works.
尽管对他描述总是偏于负面，但凯在亚瑟王王廷中的地位则是稳固的，他不仅激励了骑士们的意志，也向他的朋友家人展现了他对亚瑟王的忠诚。因为凯实力的不足可以衬托其他英雄们的英勇，因此作家们都喜欢描写他。
【列兵：凯：我不要这样的喜欢！】
【T菌：总之，凯哥怎么会从超级英雄成了大内总管？恕我直言，法国人的品味我真不懂，嗯……】

以上，为罗彻斯特大学的the Camelot Project的全部内容。以下放出wiki百科词条的翻译内容

Wiki凯词条
翻译：列兵 校对：T菌
Sir Kay
凯爵士（威尔士语：Cai，中世纪威尔士语：Kei/Cei；拉丁语：Caius；法语：Keu；法式罗曼语：Queux；古法语：Kès/Kex）
In Arthurian legend, Sir Kay /ˈkeɪ/ (Welsh: Cai, Middle Welsh Kei, or Cei; Latin: Caius; French: Keu; French Romance: Queux; Old French: Kès or Kex) is Sir Ector's son and King Arthur's foster brother and later seneschal, as well as one of the first Knights of the Round Table. In later literature he is known for his acid tongue and bullying, boorish behavior, but in earlier accounts he was one of Arthur's premier warriors. Along with Bedivere, with whom he is frequently associated, Kay is one of the earliest characters associated with Arthur.
在亚瑟王传奇中，凯爵士是艾克托爵士之子、亚瑟王的义兄及后来的王室总管，此外他也是最早的圆桌骑士之一。尽管在后来的文学作品中，他因尖酸刻薄、跋扈霸道、举止粗鄙广为人知，但在早期的故事里，他则是亚瑟王驾前的一员名将。和频繁与他相提并论的贝狄威尔一样，凯亦是最早与亚瑟王有所关联的人物之一。

Contents
1Role in Welsh tradition
1.1Pa Gur yv y Porthaur
1.2Culhwch ac Olwen
1.3Other appearances
2Kay in later legend
3Modern adaptations
目录
1 威尔士传说之中的表现
1.1 守门者为何人
1.2 库尔维奇与奥尔温
1.3 其他表现
2 后世传说中的凯
3 现代改编

1 Role in Welsh tradition
1 威尔士传说之中的表现
Cai or Cei is one of the earliest characters to be associated with the Arthurian cycle, appearing in a number of early Welsh texts, including Culhwch ac Olwen, Geraint fab Erbin, Iarlles y Ffynnon, Peredur fab Efrawg, Breuddwyd Rhonabwy, Pa Gur yv y Porthaur and the Welsh Triads. His father is given as Cynyr,his son as Garanwyn and his daughter as Kelemon.
凯是最早与亚瑟王系列传说相关联的人物之一，出现在大量早期威尔士作品中，包括库尔维奇与奥尔温、杰兰特与伊妮德[5]、伊凡与喷泉夫人[6]、艾佛克之子佩雷德[7]、罗纳布威之梦[8]、守门者为何人及威尔士三和颂[9]。他的父亲被称为塞尼，而他的儿子和女儿则分别名为加兰温和凯尔蒙。
【亚米加：Woc凯哥你居然儿女双全！那我岂不是又要做你的女婿又要做你的妹夫了（不是】